(台中科技大学 应用中文系，台中 台湾404)

庄子其人，个性好自由不受拘束，思想超乎常人想像之外，笔调流畅，时间、空间及世人的看法所不能拘束，生死富贵也不能束缚他。《庄子》其书，可与《老子》同样尊贵，同样成为道家学术思想之主流，主导了魏晋玄学的哲学思路，影响了佛教中国禅的形成，也成为宋明理学的重要理论基础。而他的让心灵自由（心斋坐忘），更是道教上清斋醮最高修炼法门。庄子其人其书，对后世的影响，可以说是至深且广。但庄子其人，有宋人、魏人之争；《庄子》其书，则有真假及篇章多少之辩。今以出土文物及现存史料看来，庄子应为宋人，《庄子》书应为庄子所著，而内、外、杂三篇的形成，则当在魏晋南北朝时，系沿袭晋·郭象之归类而来。     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。     

香猪基因组外显子SNPs检测及繁殖和体型性状候选基因分析

为从基因组水平上探究香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的分子机理,本研究下载与香猪在繁殖和体型性状方面有明显差异的梅山猪、杜洛克猪的重测序数据作为参照,对26头香猪、24头梅山猪和24头杜洛克猪的重测序数据进行SNPs检测和等位基因频率差值分析,筛选香猪基因组外显子上与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs位点,并使用AS-PCR方法和Sanger测序方法统计其中8个SNPs位点的群体等位基因频率。最后,对含有高度分化SNPs位点的基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析。结果显示,SNPs检测获得香猪基因组外显子上SNPs共236 710个,包括193个终止密码子丢失、1 238个终止密码子获得、90 945个错义SNPs和144 334个同义SNPs。得到1 046个香猪高度分化SNPs,包括429个错义SNPs、2个终止子丢失、6个终止子获得和609个同义SNPs,影响524个蛋白质编码基因;并发现X染色体上44-58 Mb的一段富含高度分化SNPs的热点区域。群体等位基因频率验证结果与重测序结果一致,鉴定了8个位点均为香猪与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs。对524个含有高度分化SNPs的基因进行GO和KEGG分析,富集到卵母细胞减数分裂、雌激素信号途径等繁殖相关通路;GO功能注释到细胞内雌激素受体信号、纤毛运动等繁殖相关条目,骨骼系统形态发生、骨骼发育、成骨细胞分化等体型相关条目。得到含有香猪高度分化SNPs的18个繁殖性状候选基因PTGFR、TRO、DNAH17、PKDREJ、KAT8、DNAI2、VDR、TEX14、QSOX1、AR、WNK3、ADCY3、SPEF1、MIGA2、SLC2A8、PSMF1、TBC1D20、IFT172和7个体型相关基因IBSP、NR6A1、HSPG2、TARS、PDZD2、FGF4、AMER1,可能是决定香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的关键基因。     

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

药剂浸种对菜心增产效果的研究初报

采用OPAL HA202和“保得”对菜心进行浸种处理,可以促进菜心地上部分生长,增加干物质的积累,提早抽薹,有明显的增产作用,其中以OPAL HA202 200倍液处理增产效果最为显著。     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

略论朱湘的新诗及其诗论

扼要论述了朱湘诗评特点和以偏概全的毛病 ,以《采莲曲》、《猫诰》、《王娇》等为例 ,论述了朱湘新诗的成就和较优之作 ,同时指出了其诗的弱点 :过份地追求诗歌的形式 ,而对现实的认识流于一般化。     

家蚕品种飞·鹤×祥·云原原种主要性状的统计分析

为了掌握家蚕品种飞.鹤×祥.云原原种长期繁育过程中存在的种性退化现象,采用数据分析软件检测其2003-2010年间主要性状的变异性和相关性。结果表明:4个原种的全茧量、茧层量、茧层率、幼虫生命率的变化均较小,死笼率的变化范围较大,基本保持了该品种的优良种性。